On 11 March 1985, Gorbachev was elected General Secretary of the CPSU. The ambition of the new head of State is clear: he wants to arrest the decline of the USSR by reducing military spending - and therefore initiating a genuine policy of relaxation at the international level - increase production and technological resources, and finally restore air society by loosening the corset. More than a faithful, Gorbachev is Yakovlev a truly inspiring. By July 1985, he was appointed head of the Department of propaganda of the central Committee. Less than a year later, he joined the Secretariat of the central Committee before, in July 1987, the political bureau. Become one of the closest advisors of Gorbachev, with whom he speaks several times a day, he theorizes perestroika ("restructuring") and invented the concept of glasnost ("transparency"). It allows the output of books and banned films including, encourages the exploration of areas of shadow of the history of the USSR, supports the emergence of the rule of law and advocates the liberalization of the economy.
Very soon however, Gorbachev leaves spill over on its right by its boiling Advisor. At his reform ideas, Yakovlev indeed grows the General Secretary of the CPSU to question the system completely. His plan including the end of the grip of the USSR on the "sister republics" of Europe of the is, the Organization of free elections, a multiparty system, the introduction of the freedom of the press, the independence of judges, the end of the State economic monopoly, the introduction of a good dose of liberalism and the emergence of private companies free to intervene as they wish to international markets. A revolution that Gorbachev could not, and does not want, to complete. Forced to deal with the Conservatives the party, the General Secretary of the CPSU reacts to events more than he does seek them, agreeing to one side the fall of the wall of Berlin and the arrival of solidarity to power in Warsaw but leaving mater the other revolutions that occurred in the Baltic countries, being appointed President of the USSR while granting some autonomy to the different Soviet Socialist Republicsoften only half-measures.
Heavy error
As early as 1987-1988 in fact, the break is consumed between Gorbachev and Yakovlev and the most influential members of the Communist Party who are concerned with drifts of perestroika. The two men also commit a heavy error: appoint Vladimir Kryuchkov as head of the KGB. This professional of destabilization is a former faithful of Andropov, he joined in effect very quickly the Conservatives decided to take things in hand. Two years, he engages in the shadows in all kinds of manoeuvres, directed as much against Gorbachev against his Adviser. Jeers directed the crowd to the Secretary General at the parade of 1 May 1990, it is him. Rumors referring to the recruitment of Yakovlev by the CIA, during her time at Columbia University, he still. Rumors alleging a next blow force reformers on the Kremlin to make the USSR a schedule pure and simple of the United States, he always! Gorbachev, he constantly maneuver, caught between the left, blamed lead the country to its loss, and the right, typified by the new President of the Federation of Russia, Boris Yeltsin, who wants to go even further on the voice reforms and considers that the head of State has become hostage to the KGB.
August 19, 1991, the Secretary General was arrested in his Crimean dacha, where he spent his holidays and returned to Moscow. The coup is the work of a junta bringing together key officials of the institutions of the country, KGB and Ministry of defence in mind, and supported by the current conservative leadership of the party. The coup fails, as much because of the reluctance of the military to fire on the crowd as the energy deployed by Boris Yeltsin.
In December 1991, Gorbachev resigned. Returned to civilian life, Alexandre Yakovlev later creates a commission for the rehabilitation of the victims of communism. "It's a little as if the rehabilitation of victims of Auschwitz was entrusted to Dr. Goebbels", ironisera Vladimir Boukovski. Become one of the harshest critics of the Soviet regime that he served faithfully for years, he died in Moscow in 2005.
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